Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5)
Basic information
Sample name: Kunal - Period IB (Early Harappan - Layer 5)

Reference: P. P. Joglekar, K. N. Dikshit, B. R. Mani, and B. Bhattcharya. 2018. Animal remains from Pre-Harappan and Early Harappan contexts at Kunal (2016-2017), Fatehabad District, Haryana. Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute 78:17-34 [ER 3373]
Geography
Country: India

State: Haryana

Coordinate: 30° 30' N, 76° 41' E
Latlng basis: stated in text

Time interval: Holocene

Section: 3373

Unit number: 1

Unit order: above to below

Max Ma: 0.00525

Min Ma: 0.00455

Age basis: stage

Geography comments: "The site of Kunal in Fatehabad District, Haryana is located
12 km from Hansi town"
"Three cultural periods were recognised ... material collected from the Pre-Harappan and Early Harappan periods" are focused on
The Early Harappan period ranges from 3300–2600 BC

Environment
Lithology: not described

Taphonomic context: human accumulation, settlement

Archaeology: bone tools, ceramics, metal tools, stone tools, other artifacts, other structures

Habitat comments: Artefacts uncovered at the Kunal site include tribal head attire, copper spearheads, steatite seals with geometrical patterns, terracotta antiques, arrowheads, fish hooks, two crowns, bangles, silver beads, gold pendants and over 12, 000 beads of semi precious stones.
Bone tools, micro blades made of chalcedony, copper fish hooks and arrow heads and various other artefacts were also found here.
The paper primarily reports and focuses on the faunal remains, although "a total of 29 fragments showed cut marks" and others were found "in a charred condition".

Methods
Life forms: carnivores, rodents, ungulates, birds, clams, snails

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 183 specimens

Net or trap nights: 0

Basal area status: not applicable

Sampling comments: "The site was excavated ... during the 2016-2017 field season"
Skeletal elements from each locus of four trenches excavated "were
classified into broad groups" with "three categories made on a rough size
estimate" (small, medium, large)
They were subsequently identified "as per the protocol of faunal identification"

Metadata
Sample no: 3742

Contributor no: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2021-05-26 15:52:13

Modified: 2023-04-29 03:07:07

Abundance distribution
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts. Values are logged.
Statistics
20 species
6 singletons
total count 183
geometric series index: 38.0
Fisher's α: 5.72
geometric series k: 0.8048
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.812
Shannon's H: 2.1203
Good's u: 0.9675
Register
Bos indicus (zebu)62
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)10425.0 kg
also 215 Bovinae indet. "Bos/Bubalus"
Capra aegagrus hircus (wild goat)7
"Capra hircus"
Ovis aries (sheep)4
also 24 Caprinae indet. "Capra/Ovis"
Urva edwardsii 1
"Herpestes edwardsii"
Canis lupus familiaris (gray wolf)243.0 kg
"Canis familiaris"
Equus africanus asinus (African wild ass)1
"Equus asinus"
Bos gaurus (gaur)2481.0 kg
Boselaphus tragocamelus (nilgai)2263.0 kg
Axis axis (chital)940.0 kg
Cervus unicolor (sambar deer)3
Tetracerus quadricornis (four-horned antelope)8
Antilope cervicapra (blackbuck)241.0 kg
Sus scrofa (pig)25
21 of these are recorded as "Sus domesticus"
Hystrix indica 313.0 kg
Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)13711.0 kg
Pavo cristatus 14.8 kg
Lamellidens sp. 1
Digoniostoma pulchella 38
Corbicula regularis 1