Sample name: Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 4)

Reference: D. Gaffney, G. R. Summerhayes, S. Luu, J. Menzies, K. Douglass, M. Spitzer, and S. Bulmer. 2021. Small game hunting in montane rainforests: Specialised capture and broad spectrum foraging in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene New Guinea Highlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 253:106742- [ER 3701]

Lithology: limestone

Taphonomic context: human accumulation, rock shelter

Archaeology: bone tools, hearths, stone tools

Habitat comments: "Kiowa was first occupied during the terminal Pleistocene, with regular occupations continuing until the Mid-Late Holocene ... Level 3 represents the most recent undisturbed habitation deposit, with all underlying levels down to base of excavations characterised by radiating ash lenses, denoting short-duration hearths".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".

Life forms: bats, rodents, other large mammals, other small mammals, birds

Sampling methods: quarry

Sample size: 460 specimens

Years: 1960

Net or trap nights: 0

Basal area status: not applicable

Sampling comments: "During the 1960 excavations at Kiowa sieves were not used and specimens were collected by hand".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".

Sample no: 3897

Contributor no: Benjamin Carter

Enterer: Benjamin Carter

Created: 2022-02-19 11:10:41

Modified: 2023-04-29 06:14:57